Taj Mahal, Indian Symbol
Culture and heritage tourism plays a critical role in building the visitor economy and goes even beyond that. A recent survey showed that over 50% of respondents polled agreed that history and culture are strong influences on their choice of holiday destination.
Culture and heritage tourism is a fast-growing and high-yielding sector
Statistics also indicate that culture and heritage tourism continues to grow as rapidly, especially in OECD and APEC regions. We estimate the direct global value of culture and heritage tourism to be well over $1billion dollars, with that of the Asia Pacific region being approximately $327 million. It is already directly responsible for more than 50 million jobs in APEC countries. And what’s more, the indirect benefits of culture and heritage tourism are thought to be of the order of $1 billion and account for a further 75 million jobs across the region.
There is no denying the fact that culture and heritage tourism tends to attract high-yield tourists. While global figures can be hard to obtain, all available statistics on tourism in various individual markets like the UK, New Zealand, Australia, India, and etc. reveal a consistent pattern. Culture and heritage tourists often stay longer and spend a lot more money in general than other tourists do. In fact, one study showed that a culture and heritage tourist spent as much as 38% higher per day and they stayed 22% longer overall compared to other kinds of travellers.
Although the statistical evidence doesn’t show consistency when it comes to repeat visitors, tourism data on United State’s Culture and Heritage visitors indicates that the level of repeat visitation amongst this group of travellers is higher than that of traditional tourists.
It builds engagement
Culture and heritage tourists usually visit cultural heritage attractions such as: historic buildings and other historic attractions; archaeological sites; state, local, or national parks; art galleries or museums; concerts, plays or musicals; ethnic or ecological heritage sites; and suchlike attractions. These travellers say that these trips are more memorable than conventional holiday trips since they allow them to learn something new. This focus on learning skills and gain enrichment has been identified by Trendwatching as a core global trend in travel (and links to broader macro trends in consumer needs).
Culture and heritage tourists say they often extend their stay because of a heritage activity. The majority of these travellers stay over night at local motels, hotels, bed and breakfasts, or camp grounds. Culture and heritage tourists also tend to put more money back into the local economy, spending more than other kinds of tourists
per trip. But these economic benefits are not the only reason why heritage tourism may be good for the community.
The benefits of culture and heritage tourism are amplified through the economy, so their impact is much wider than just the direct spending levels. As Simon Thurley of English Heritage has shown in his Heritage Cycle, heritage tourism has benefits that extend beyond the solely economic.
So what are the benefits?
Generally, the benefits of heritage tourism can be categorized into three groups: economic, social and environmental. As they tend to be the highest focus for destinations and policy makers we have focused on the economic benefits first
Economic Benefits of Cultural and Heritage Tourism
- Injects new money into the economy, boosting businesses and tax revenues
- Creates new jobs, businesses, events and attractions, thus helping diversify the local economy
- Supports small businesses and enables them to expand
- Promotes the active preservation and protection of important local resources
- Builds vital relationships among and within local communities
- Helps encourage the development and maintenance of new/existing community amenities
Social Benefits of Cultural and Heritage Tourism
- Helps build social capital
- Promotes preservation of local traditions, customs and culture. UNESCO now recognises intangible cultural heritage as being as important as buildings. A market for
experiences and traditional projects provides the economic support for keeping these skills and traditions alive - Promotes positive behaviour
- Helps improve the community’s image and pride
- Promotes community beautification
- Builds opportunities for healthy and useful community relationships and partnerships
- Provides research, education and work-placement opportunities for students
- Creates enjoyable opportunities for both local residents and visitors attracted to the cultural arts, history and preservation
- Boosts local investment in heritage resources and amenities that support tourism services
There is even evidence that by helping to maintain buildings of character culture and heritage tourism can also contribute to the innovation and business diversification of precincts. Small businesses based in amazing buildings are typically innovators and provide a core for other larger businesses.
Environmental Benefits of Cultural and Heritage Tourism
Helps encourage a culture of preservation
Boost awareness of the tourist site, attraction or area’s significance
Helps encourage local residents and visitors to be mindful about their impact on the natural and built environment
Although there is a risk that this type of tourism can lead to a place being ‘loved to death’ (think the Taj Mahal or the Sistine Chapel), properly handled it can provide a reason to invest in thing like sewage and water resources in areas.
So that is why we think Cultural and Heritage Tourism is so vital to the visitor economy – and that destinations should seek to maximise the opportunities it brings. In future articles, we will be delving more deeply into practical opportunities on how to do that. (If you are an MTR member then you can also access more detailed content via the Members Only HomePage.)
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